Sprenkle and his coauthors had communitysized power generation in mind when they started working on their solid oxide fuel cell, also known as a sofc. Solid oxide fuel cells typically require temperatures around 800 degrees celsius to operate such high temperatures cause materials in the cells to degrade quickly, limiting the devices working life. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs have potential to be the most efficient and costeffective system for direct conversion of a wide variety of fuels to electricity. Materials properties and performance green chemistry and chemical engineering kindle edition by fergus, jeffrey, hui, rob, li, xianguo, wilkinson, david p. Solid oxide fuel cell sofc technology offers tremendous potential for highly efficient and clean power generation. Nevertheless, each of the fuel cell types listed in table 1 has been demonstrated in complete fuel cell. Solid oxide fuel cell technology is a standard reference for all those researching this important field as well as those working in the power industry. The electrolytes usually exert a crucial role in the performance of sofcs. Selfassembled dynamic perovskite composite cathodes for.
Electrode materials and reaction mechanisms in solid oxide. Electrode materials for intermediate temperature 500700. A redoxstable efficient anode for solidoxide fuel cells. Materials properties and performance green chemistry and chemical engineering jeffrey fergus, rob hui, xianguo li, david p. Solid oxide fuel cell sofc technology is one of the most promising sources of clean energy. Materials issues for solid oxide fuel cells design. Engineering solid oxide fuel cell materials sciencedirect. Thermal and electrical properties of highly dense ceramic materials based on codoped layo 3 led by dmitry. Impact of anode microstructure on solid oxide fuel cells. Performance of sofc cells is considerably higher when operated in oxygen. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Disruption of extended defects in solid oxide fuel cell. Inframat advanced materials solid oxide fuel cell materials. In sum, the increased attention that has been directed towards fuel cells in the last few years has resulted in novel approaches and dramatic breakthroughs in materials properties for both solid oxide and proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
However, its commercialization has lagged owing to the lack of longterm stability. Of the various fuel cell types, solid oxide fuel cells sofcs combine the benefits of environmentally benign. Solid oxide fuel cells can be grouped into tubular and planar designs. C2 coal utilization laboratory, university park pa 16802 objectives. The first book centered on materials issues of sofcsalthough the high operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs creates opportunities for using a variety of fuels, including lowgrade. Fuel cells directly and efficiently convert chemical energy to electrical energy1. Principles, performance and operations woodhead publishing series in energy huang, k, goodenough, j b on. However, solid oxide cells socs based on conventional oxygen. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs are promising electrochemical power generation devices that can convert chemical energy of a fuel into electricity in an efficient, environmentalfriendly, and quiet manner. Materials for solid oxide fuel cells chemistry of materials.
C solid oxide fuel cells require electrical and mechanical stability to maintain performance during the cell lifetime. Research efforts are currently addressed toward the optimization of cells operating at temperatures in the region of 600c, known as intermediatetemperature solidoxide fuel cells, for which materials requirements are very stringent. Gas humidification impact on the properties and performance. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs offer great prospects for the most efficient and. Materials properties and performance ebook written by jeffrey fergus, rob hui, xianguo li, david p. Although the high operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs creates opportunities for using a variety of fuels, including lowgrade hydrogen and those derived from biomass, it also produces difficulties in materials performance and often leads to materials degradation during operation. Gas humidification impact on the properties and performance of perovskite. By enabling the cells to operate at a lower temperature, that degradation could be slowed.
Solid oxide fuel cells from materials to system modeling. Atomic layer deposition for surface engineering of solid. A highperformance cathode for the next generation of. Fuel cells are characterized by their electrolyte material. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs have significant advantages over other fuel cell types, such as high efficiency, flexibility in fuel, high reliability, simple balance of plant bop and a long history. Materials, science, and technology and symposium 14 single crystalline materials for electrical, optical, and medical applications. Gas permeability of catalyzed electrodes in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. A sofc utilizes a carbonaceous fuel gas and an oxidant to efficiently produce.
The first book centered on materials issues of sofcsalthough the high operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs creates opportunities for using a variety of fuels, including lowgrade hydrogen and those derived from biomass, it also produces difficulties in materials performance and of. The h 2 fuel reduces the nio to elemental nickel, which leaves a porous oxideion electrolyte in which the walls of the pores are. Materials properties and performance green chemistry and chemical engineering. The interconnects and sealings will not be dealt with. You have full access to read online and download this title. Several recent experimental and numerical investigations have contributed to the improved understanding of the electrochemical mechanisms taking place at solid oxide fuel cell sofc cathodes and yielded valuable information on the relationships between alterable parameters geometry material and the cathodic polarization resistance. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs promise high efficiencies in a range of fuels. Perovskite oxides for solid oxide fuel cells provides insight into the materials aspects of one of the most promising fuel cell types available. The fuel cell performance of the anode supported cell with eu2 o3 doped bi2 o3 infiltrated la0. Solid oxide fuel cells are complex electrochemical devices that contain three basic components, a porous anode, an electrolyte membrane, and a porous cathode. Nanostructured semiconductor composites for solid oxide fuel cells. Incorporating nanostructured electrodes into solid oxide fuel cells improves performance by increasing the active surface area and therefore increasing electrocatalytic activity. Advances in solid oxide fuel cells and electronic ceramics ii.
Switching on electrocatalytic activity in solid oxide cells. A solid oxide fuel cell or sofc is an electrochemical conversion device that produces electricity directly from oxidizing a fuel. The lsminfiltrated lscf allows the use of the best properties of two different. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read solid oxide fuel cells. Sofc stability requires that electrolytes have the following properties. Key issues related to sofc performance improvement, longterm stability, mathematical modelling, as well as system integrationcontrol are addressed, including material. Among the various sources of performance degradation, the interdiffusion between the cathode and electrolyte 2018 journal of materials chemistry a hot papers. In addition, solid electrolyte systems obviate the need to contain corrosive liquids and, thus, solid oxide and polymer electrolyte fuel cells are preferred by many developers over alkali, phosphoric acid, or molten carbonate fuel cells. The properties of mixedconducting oxide phases with. In solid oxide fuel cells sofcs, the cathode and the anode are made from porous ceramic materials and the electrolyte consists of a dense oxygen ion conducting ceramics. This is at a much higher efficiency than conventional technology, using combustion of the fuel to power mechanical devices that produce electrical current.
Similar to other batteries, the fuel cell consists of two electrodes anode and cathode and an electrolyte figure 1. Auto suggestions are available once you type at least 3 letters. Introduction to materials and designs for solid oxide fuel cells sofcs. The efficient performance of solid oxide fuel cell sofc by utilizing safe and cost effective hydrocarbon fuels at low temperature is really a challenging task due to ch activation and sluggish oxidationreduction kinetics. Anodesupported solid oxide fuel cells require careful design of the relatively thick anode, so that the fuel gas flow through the anode to the solid electrolyte and the electrochemical reaction byproduct gas flow out of the anode are not excessively impeded. Progress in material selection for solid oxide fuel cell. The first book centered on materials issues of sofcs. Slftno nanocomposite was synthesized via solid state reaction route and was evaluated. Although sofcs are advantageous in terms of energy conversion efficiency, power density and fuel flexibility in comparison to other types of fuel cells, 1 a significant cost reduction is.
Efforts to reduce the polarization resistance in sofcs can. Solid oxide fuel cells fuel cells are devices that convert the chemical energy of a fossil fuel into electrical energy. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs have aroused worldwide attention for their high conversion efficiency, zero emissions, and fuel flexibility. Besides the electrical and structural characteristics. Therefore, ald is considered a key fabrication process to design and engineer high performance fuel cell systems. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs have the promise to improve energy. A solid oxide fuel cell type reactor was tested for producing ethane and ethene as well as electric power by direct oxidation of methane. Both types can consist of one or several single cells per stacking unit, i. Principles, performance and operations woodhead publishing series in.
The first book centered on materials issues of sofcs although the high operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs creates opportunities for using a variety of fuels, including lowgrade hydrogen and those derived from biomass, it also produces difficulties in materials performance and often leads to materials degradation during operation. Improving the lifetime and performance of solid oxide fuel. Thickness effects of yttriadoped ceria interlayers on solid oxide fuel cells. Topology optimization applied to design of solid oxide fuel cells by xiankai song a topology optimization method is used to identify optimal designs of the cathode microstructure and the anode support in a solid oxide fuel cell sofc.
Solid oxide fuel cells electroactive materials montana. Its main components include an electrolyte, cathode, anode, interconnect, and sealant. A solid oxide fuel cell sofc is an electrochemical device that generates electricity through the oxidation of a fuel such as hydrogen and hydrocarbons. This voluntary registration validates our uncompromising commitment to providing the highest quality products and services to the satisfaction of our customers. Review on different components of solid oxide fuel cells. The system itself consists of a porous anode and cathode that are separated by an ion. News new small solid oxide fuel cell reaches record. Improving the lifetime and performance of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs with viscous sealing glasses.
Anodesupported solid oxide fuel cell sofc has been considered as one of the most efficient cells which can reduce the ohmic loss resulting from the thinner electrolyte used 1,2, and been extensively studied due to its many advantages, such as high power density, high mechanical strength, and reduction of the operating temperature. Synthesis strategies for improving the performance of doped. Solid oxide fuel cells sofc are environmentally friendly energy conversion systems. Although the high operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs creates opportunities for using a variety of fuels, including lowgrade. Review on different components of solid oxide fuel cells koteswararao p 1, suresh bm 2, wani bn 3 and rao pvb 4 1 department of physics, iiit, srikakulam, india 2 center for ceramic processing, international advanced research centre for powder metallurgy and new materials arci, hyderabad500005, ap, india. Fuel cells and electrolysis cells as important types of energy conversion devices can be divided into groups based on the electrolyte material. Materials properties and performance green chemistry and chemical engineering fergus, jeffrey, hui, rob, li, xianguo, wilkinson, david p. Perovskite oxide for solid oxide fuel cells tatsumi. Over the past few years there has been a growing interest in perovskitebased materials in the search for alternative materials to niysz cermets as fuel electrodes in solid oxide fuel cells. Materials for intermediatetemperature solidoxide fuel cells. Focusing on materials related issues, solid oxide fuel cells provides stateoftheart information for the selection and development of materials for improved sofc performance.
Double perovskites as anode materials for solidoxide fuel. Materials displaying high oxide ion conductivity have attracted considerable interest due to technological applications in solid oxide fuel cells sofcs, oxygen sensors and separation membranes. Mar 30, 2003 solid oxide fuel cells sofcs promise high efficiencies in a range of fuels. Materials engineering plays vital role in solid oxide fuel cell sofc technology. Qm can provide unbiased, qualitative guidelines for experimentally tailoring materials for energy applications. Solid oxide fuel cell sofc explained with animation. Materials and manufacturing technologies for solid oxide. This paper is focused on the comparative analysis of data on electronic and ionic conduction in gadoliniadoped ceria cgo ceramics as well as on the electrochemical properties of various oxide electrodes in contact with ceriabased solid electrolytes. For each type of sofc, the discussion focuses primarily on the electrical, chemical, and thermal properties of their materials. A brief description of high temperature solid oxide fuel cells. In 2011, fuelcellmaterials was awarded the international organization for standardization 9001. This issue contains papers from the american ceramic societys 40th international conference on advanced ceramics and composites, held in daytona beach, florida, january 2429, 2016 presented in symposium 3 th international symposium on solid oxide fuel cells. Aug 14, 2009 although solid oxide fuel cells sofcs are available commercially for local and emergency power generation, there are materials challenges that must be overcome for their wider use 15.
Several recent experimental and numerical investigations have contributed to the improved understanding of the electrochemical mechanisms taking place at solid oxide fuel cell sofc cathodes and yielded valuable information on the relationships between alterable parameters geometrymaterial and the cathodic polarization resistance. The process is reversed red lines when producing electricity on demand fuel cell mode. A fuel cell is a batterylike system that uses hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity by an electrochemical reaction. Solid oxide fuel cell materials alternative energy. Advantages and disadvantages of solid oxide fuel cells. Sep 16, 2019 solid oxide fuel cells sofcs are hightemperature electrochemical devices that directly convert the chemical energy of the fuel to electrical energy at high efficiency, thereby mitigating the carnot cycle limitations of gas turbines. The solid oxide fuel cell sofc is an attractive technology for the generation of electricity with high efficiency and low emissions. New materials with the cubic perovskite structure have also been suggested as alternative anode materials. Oxygen transport in perovskitetype solid oxide fuel cell. Materials for reversible solid oxide cells sciencedirect. The first book centered on materials issues of sofcsalthough the high operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs creates opportunities for using a.
The conventional nioelectrolyte composite anode gives good performance with pure h 2 as fuel. Solid oxide fuel cells an overview sciencedirect topics. Apr 19, 2016 the first book centered on materials issues of sofcs although the high operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs creates opportunities for using a variety of fuels, including lowgrade hydrogen and those derived from biomass, it also produces difficulties in materials performance and often leads to materials degradation during operation. Solidoxide fuel cells are devices for the efficient conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy and heat.
Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs have the promise to improve energy efficiency and to provide society with a clean energy producing technology. Materials engineering for solid oxide fuel cell technology. Materials and manufacturing technologies for solid oxide fuel. One way to think about the materials properties for the individual cell.
In solid oxide fuel cells sofcs, the cathode and the anode are made from porous ceramic materials and the electrolyte consists of a dense oxygen ion. Generally, a sofc consists of an anode, a cathode and a electrolyte. Solid oxide fuel cell materials alternative energy sigma. Ceramic materials for solid oxide fuel cells intechopen. Knovel offers following tools to help you find materials and properties data. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading solid oxide fuel cells. A perspective on lowtemperature solid oxide fuel cells energy. New materials for solid oxide fuel cells engineering360. Rational design of materials composition through controlled oxygen nonstoichiometry and defect aspects can enhance the ionic and electronic conductivities as well as the catalytic properties for oxygen reduction in the cathode. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report.
High temperature protonconducting htpc oxides are promising electrolytes for this technology, since their activation energy is lower than that of conventional oxygenion conductors, enabling the operating temperature reduction at 600 c. Jun 09, 2011 novel high performance solid oxide fuel cells with bulk ionic conductance dominated thinfilm electrolytes. Solid oxide fuel cells materials properties and performance. Journal of materials chemistry a 2018, 6 37, 18318142. Some of the features that make them attractivetheir high efficiency and use with hydrocarbon fuelsstems from their high operating temperatures often. As each component plays a different role in an sofc, their requirements from the material perspective are.
Solid oxide fuel cell an overview sciencedirect topics. Improvement of output performance of solid oxide fuel cell. Pdf ceramic materials for solid oxide fuel cells researchgate. The lowtemperature trend of solid oxide fuel cells is necessary for its commercialisation, and the electrolyte materials with excellent properties at low and intermediate temperatures, which have.
Synthesis strategies for improving the performance of. Development of an anode material for a solid oxide fuel cell sofc that operates on natural gas is widely recognized to be an important technical objective 16. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs offer an efficient energy conversion technology for alleviating current energy problems. Rational design of materials composition through controlled oxygen. Oct 10, 2018 however, solid oxide cells socs based on conventional oxygen. Unlike lower temperature variants, carbon monoxide is a fuel rather than a poison, and so hydrocarbon fuels can be. For example, engineered porous materials are needed to support delicate electrolyte membranes, where mechanical integrity and effective diffusivity to fuel gases is critical. Workshop materials for high temperature pem fuel cells sponsored by. Investigation of catalytic vs reactant transport effect of catalyst layers on proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance. The composition and microstructure of cathode materials has a large impact on the performance of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs. May 28, 2017 a solid oxide fuel cell is an electrochemical device that produces electrical energy by oxidizing fuel. Thermally driven in situ exsolution of ni nanoparticles from ni, gdceo 2 for high performance solid oxide fuel cells.